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1940-1946 in the Vietnam War focuses on events influencing the eventual decision for military intervention by the United States in the Vietnam War. French Indochina in the 1940s was divided into five protectorates: Cambodia, Laos, Tonkin, Annam, and Cochinchina. The latter three made up Vietnam. In 1940, the French controlled 23 million Vietnamese with 12,000 French soldiers, about 40,000 Vietnamese soldiers, and the Surete, a powerful police force. At that time, the U.S. had little interest in Vietnam or French Indochina as a whole. Fewer than 100 Americans, mostly missionaries, lived in Vietnam and U.S. government representation consisted of one consul resident in Saigon.〔Logevall, Fredrik (2012), ''Embers of War: The Fall of an Empire and the Making of America's Vietnam,'' New York: Random House, p.32, 72〕 The years 1940 to 1946 saw the rise of the communist-led Viet Minh insurgents whose objective was independence from France. The Viet Minh was most prominent in northern Vietnam (Tonkin) with a plethora of other, semi-allied insurgent groups developing in central (Annam) and southern (Cochinchina) Vietnam. During World War II (1939-1945), Japan stationed a large number of soldiers in Vietnam and reduced French influence. The Viet Minh also contested the growing Japanese influence. Late in WW II the United States gave limited assistance to the Viet Minh to assist it in its struggle against the Japanese. After World War II, France attempted to regain its colonial domination of Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos) which led in 1946 to the outbreak of an insurgency against France by the Viet Minh. The U.S., which initially favored Vietnamese independence, came to support France due to Cold War politics and American fears that an independent Vietnam would be dominated by communists. The most important events occurring in the 1940-1946 period were: (1) The creation of the Viet Minh by Ho Chi Minh and other communist leaders in 1941; (2) The Japanese takeover of the government of Vietnam from France in March 1945; (3) The partition of Indochina into two occupation zones to be pacified by the British in the south and China in the north as decided at the Potsdam Conference in July 1945; and (4) The August Revolution in August and September 1945 in which Ho Chi Minh declared independence from France; (5) The beginning of the First Indochina War, usually dated in December 1946, although preceded my many clashes, as France attempted to regain full control of Indochina.〔Tonnesson, Stein (1985), "The Longest Wars: Indochina 1945-1975," ''Journal of Peace Research'', Vol. 22, No. 1, p. 10. Downloaded from JSTOR.〕 This timeline is continued in 1947-50 in the Vietnam War and subsequent articles. The article titled First Indochina War describes in more detail the struggle for independence from France led by the Viet Minh. ==1940== ; 22 September The Vichy government of France agreed to allow Japan to station soldiers in Tonkin after clashes between French and Japanese soldiers. During World War II Japan would station a large number of soldiers and sailors in Vietnam although the French administrative structure was allowed to continue to function.〔Bowman, John S. (1985), ''The World Almanac of the Vietnam War'', New York: Pharos Books, p. 14〕 ; 23 December The rising power of Japan in Vietnam encouraged nationalist groups to revolt from French rule in Bac Son near the Chinese border and in Cochin China. The American Consul in Saigon reported that "thousands of natives have been killed and more are in prison awaiting execution." He described "promiscuous machine-gunning" of Vietnamese civilians" by French soldiers.〔Spector, Ronald H. (1983), ''Advice and Support: The Early Years, 1941-1960,'' Washington, DC: Superintendent of Documents, p. 18〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「1940–46 in the Vietnam War」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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